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Road Markings: Introduction l Materials & colour l Classification of markings l Longitudinal markings l Meaning and sizes l Centre line and Lane line markings

Introduction
Road markings are the lines, patterns, words or other devices, except signs applied or attached to the carriageway. These are meant for controlling, warming, guiding and informing the users. The markings serve as a psychological barrier and signify the delineation of traffic path and it’s lateral clearance from traffic hazard for safe movement of traffic. Road markings are indispensable to ensure smooth and orderly flow of traffic and for promoting road safety.
Standards on various road markings are outlined in the Indian Road Congress (IRC) Code No. 35.

Material and Colour

Road markings should be of ordinary road marking paint, hot applied thermoplastic compound or reflectorised paint as specified by the engineer in charge. For specifications on road marking material reference may be made to clause 803 of the ministry of Surface Transports (MOST’s) "Specifications for Road and Bridge Works", publishe by IRC.
White, Yellow and Black colours are the standard colours used for markings.

All markings should be white except the following which shall be yellow.
1)
Lines indicating parking restriction
2)
No overtaking zone markings
3)
Obstruction approach markings.

Classification of Markings

    1. Carriageway Markings
      1) Longitudinal Markings
      2) Markings on Intersections
      3) Markings on hazardous location.
      4) Markings for parking.
      5) Word Messag
    2. Object Markings
      Objects within the carriageway
      Objects adjacent to the carriageway
      Marking on kerbs

Longitudinal Markings

Longitudinal pavement markings are lines placed along the direction of traffic for the purpose of indicating to a driver, his proper position on the roadway.

Classifications of longitudinal markings

      Centre lines
      Traffic lanes
      No passing zones
      Warning lines
      Border or edge line
      Bus markings
      Cycle lane markings.

Meaning and Sizes of Longitudinal Markings



Broken line : Broken lines are permissive in character and may be crossed with discretion, if traffic permits.
 
Solid lines are restrictive in character and indicate that crossing is not permitted except for entry or exit from a side road.
 
Double solid lines indicate maximum restrictions and are not be crossed except in emergent usage.
 
In a combination of broken and solid lines, a solid line may be crossed, with discretion, if the broken line is nearer to the direction of travel. Vehicle from the apposite directions are not permitted to cross the solid line
**
a AND b SHALL DEPEND UPON APPLICATION c, d AND e EACH EQUAL TO 100, W=100 FOR RURAL AREAS, W=150 URBAN AREAS (For a, b, refer below table.)




Centre line and Lane line markings

Sr.No

Description

Location

Details of Markings

Colour

Type

Width (cm)

Length of line segment (m)

Length of gap (m)

A.

LINE MARKINGS

(a)

(b)

1.

Centre Line

(a) Rural

(i) Straight reaches

-NH/SH/-

White

Broken single

10

3.0

6.0

-Others

White

-do-

10

3.0

4.5

(ii) Curves & approaches to intersection.

-NH/SH/-

White

Broken single

10

3.0

3.0

-Others

White

-do-

10

3.0

3.0

(b) Urban

(i) Less than 4 lanes

-Straight reaches

White

-do-

15

3.0

4.5

-Curves & approaches to intersections

White

-do-

15

3.0

 3.0

(ii) Four lanes or more undivided

White(optionally yellow)

Solid single or double

1510+10

----

----

2.

Traffic lane line

(a) Rural

(i) Straight reaches

White

Broken single

10

3

6

(ii) Curves and approaches to intersection

White

Broken single (Exceptionally solid)

10

3

3

(b) Urban

(i) Straight reaches

White

As above

10

1.5

3

(ii) Curves and approaches to intersections

White

As above

10

1.5

1.5

3

No overtaking Zone

Yellow

Solid single or solid double or solid & broken

10

As for centre line

4

Warning line

All locations

White

Broken single

Equal to the normal preced-ing lines

5.

Border or edge line

All locations

White

Solid

15 or 20

-

-

6.

Bus lane

All locations

White

Solid

25

-

-

7.

Bicycle lane

All locations

White

Solid

15

-

-

8.

Stop line

(a) Rural

White

Transverse solid single or double

30 or 20+20

-

-

(b) Urban

-do-

-do-

20 or20+20

9.

Give way lines

All locations

White

Transverse broken

20+20

0.60

0.30

10.

Continuity lines

(a) Centre line & lane lines

White

Transverse broken

As on approaches to intersections

(b) Median & Island line

White

broken single

10

0.60

0.30

11

(c) Stop line & give way line

White

Transverse broken single

10

0.60

0.30

(d) Turn markings

White

Broken Single

10

0.50

0.50



B) OTHER MARKINGS

1

Pedestrian crossing

All locations

White

Zebra Stripes

50 cm wide stripes 50 cm apart 2 m to 4 m long

2.

Cycle Track crossings

All locations

White

Solid

10 cm

3

Speed change lane

All locations

White

Solid lines with diaonals/ chevrons

60 cm wide diagonals/chevrons 15 cm wide lines

4.

Directional arrows

All locations

White

Arrows

3.5 cm or 5m long

5.

Protected right turn lanes

All locations

Yellow

Diagonals enclosed by solid lines

15 Size variable as per site conditions

6

Markings at rotaries

All locations

White/ Yellow

Broken solid

Size variable as per site conditions

7

Box marking

All locations

Yellow

Crossed diagonals enclosed by solid lines

10

8

Carriageway Width Transition

All locations

White

Solid single

15

-

9

Obstruction Approach Marking

All locations

Yellow

Diagonals/ Chevrons enclosed by solid lines

15

10

Road Rail level crossing

All locations

White/Yellow

Combination of stop line, Centre line & lane lines

11

Parking Spaces

All locations

White

Broken

10/5

-

-

12

Parking Restrictions

All locations

Yellow

Solid

10

-

-

13.

Bus Stops

All locations

White

Broken

10

1m

1m

14.

Word Messages

All locations

White

Alphabets, numerals & aporstophesize as per Plates II & III.

15

Object markings

All locations

Black and White or Black and Yellow

Alternate stripes widths varying for different usages

16

Speed Breakers

All locations

White

Elongated Triangles